Geographical features of Himachal Pradesh

Minerals in Himachal Pradesh

Important minerals of Himachal Pradesh are salt, gypsum, limestone, jbaryes, clays, mica, iron pirate and lead, but of these, salt and slate alone are of some significance, Rock salt deposits are located in Mandi district and gypsum in Sirmaur district. Vast deposits of slate are found in Mandi and chamba districts. Limestone is found in abundance in Bilaspur, Sirmaur, Mandi and Solan districts. Sirmaur and Bilaspur deposits of slate are of quickly suitable for cement industry. In a recent survey, uranium deposits have been reported to be found in Kullu valley and Hamirpur district. Traced of antimony, asbestos, bismuth, nickel, copper, glass-sand and china clay have also been found. At Jwalamukhi temples jets of combustible has have attracted people since long.

Famous valleys in Himachal Pradesh

Valley is the important feature of Himachal as Physiography they are the places where human civilization has flourished in this mountainous region. Some of the important valleysfound in Himachal Pradesh are given below

Satluj valley, Sangla valley, bhaga valley,Patton Valley, Malung Valley, Thrung Valley,Nishang Valley, Hangrangh or Leoparjial Valley, Swanb Valley, chauntra Valley, chuhar valley, Pangi Valley, Knihar Valley, Shami valley, sapron Valley, Lingti Valley, Dhami valley, Sapron Valley, Lingti Valley, Kiarda dun Valley, Kullu valley, Kangra Valley, Bara Banghal Valley, Balh Valley, Chamba valley Lahaul and spiti valley, Baspar Valley, Pabbar Valley etc.

Flora in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh has a diversified and rich flora because of the existence of a variety of climates and a wide range of altitudes. Here we come across every type of West Himalayan Flora from Himalayan meadows and high level fir and rhododendron down to tropical scrub and bamboo forests of the low foot hills, there are three climatic altitudinal zones of natural vegetation.

Vegetation Zone                                                          Altitude in mts

1.       Tropical and Sub tropical ---300-1525

2.       Temperate-----1525-3650

3.       Alpine------3650-4650     

               

Principle Plants

Alder (Kunch), Alpine Oak (Kharashu), Birch (Bhojpatra), Common ton(Tuna), Dog wood(Kaksh), Edilele pine(Neoza), Evergreen Oak(Bre), fir, Long leaved (Chil or Salla) Hazel (Shuroli), Himalayan Cedar (Deodar), Himalayan Horse chestnut(Kanor), Himalayan Poplar (Challan), Himalayan Spruce(Rai), Lofty Pine (Kail), Oak (Ban), Pencil Cedar(Lewar or Talu) Poplar(Pahari Pipal) Rhododendron (Bras) Silver fur (Pindro or tos) Walnut(Akhrot). Wild cherry (Jamun) wild mulberry (Kemu)