Muslim ruler tried to invade Himachal Hill States. The
description of Mughals’ expedition of Himcachal has been given in a book named
‘Tarikh-i-Yamini’ authored by famous historian Utbi.
Mahmood Ghaznavi plundered Kangra fort in A.D. 1009.
Feroz Shah tughlaq tried to capture Kangra Fort in 1365 A.D.
but in vain. However he took more than 1300 books from Jwalamukhi temple along
with him.
In A.D 1398-99 Temur Lang also plundered some territories of
Kangra, Sirmaur and Hundoor State.
Jahangir invaded Kangra Fort in 1620 with the assistance of
Raja Jagat singh of Nurpur.
Raja chattar Singh of Chamba disobeyed Aurangzed’s
ordinance.
Gorkha Expedition of
himachal
After the down fall of Mughal supremacy in Delhi, Gorkha
forces of Nepal tried to invade Northern india. They captured Garhwal, Kumaon,
Sirmaur and some of Shimla Hill States. Sansar chand Katoch of Kangra annihilated
Gorkha forces in 1804. Next year in 1805 Gorkha force s, under the leadership
of Amar Singh Thap defeated Raja Sansar
Chand at Mahal-Morian near
Hamirpur. Sansar Chand took shelter in Kangra fort. Amar singh Thapa besieged
Kangra fort in 1805 and for next four year he held this fort. In 1809 Maharaja
Rnajit singh defeated Gorkhas and took Kangra fort in his own possessiom.
The British and Himachal:- In 1803 Malagarh came in the
possession of Gorkhas, In 1804 British Commander Octerloni defeated gorkhas and captured Nalagarh. By
1815 the British ousted Gorkhas form Shimla Hill states and these stated fell
under the crown of British Emoire, the Sikhs invaded Knagra, Kullu and
Lahaul-Spiti in 1846 and suffered defeat in 1846, when the first Anglo-sikh war
was fought. The British snatched Kangra, Kullu and Lahual-Spiti from the Sikhs.
In this way Himcachal States came under the crown of the british till 1846.
Himachal from 1864 to
1948
Despotic and imperialistic policies of the
Britisheers, annoyed the fill States. IN 1848 during the firstr Anglo-Sikh war,
Ram Singh Pathania of Nurpur revolted against the British and took Nurpur in
his possession. Commissioner Henry Lawrance of Jallandhar and deputy
Commissioner Barnes ofKangra defeated
Ram singh Pathania, Ram singh Pathania fought back and contined Gurilla was against
the breitish. At last ram sing was caught and sent ot jsinap ore, where3 he
died.
During the great War of 1857 severak hill states took and
active part, Nasiru Military Battalion of Jutog and Kasauli Battlalion also rebelled against
the British.
Some popular
movements, conferences and organisations
People of Himachal states revolted against their kulers, of
local states several times. These revolts were called ‘Dandra’ in Bilaspur and ‘Dumeh’
in Sirmaur. Several Conferences were held and organisations were established to
achieve freedom. The following were the popular movements and organisations.
1 Movement against
Behar System:- In 1859 people of
Rampur- Bushahar state opposd ‘begar’ System run by their ruler. People were
forced to work hard for Wazirs, Zamindars and other officials and they were
hard for Wazirs, Zamindars and other officials and they were not paid any
salary or remuneration for this work.
2 Revolt of
Hundur(Nalagarh):- In 1859 people of Hundur state revolted states revolted
against the despotic of Wazir Gulam Qadir.
3. Jugga Movement of
Bilaspur:- In 1883 people of Bilaspur agitated against Raja Amar chand of
Bilaspur. People burnt themselves. ‘Jugga meant –to burn oneself with the help
of dry grass.
4. Settlement
Moventment:- in 1930 the people of Bilaspur opposed ‘settlement ‘ activated
by Revenue Department.
5. Agitation against
corruption:- In 1895 the people of Bhatiyat
of Chamba district took out procession against corrupt officials.
6. Agitation of Gadar
Party:- in 1914 Lata hardyal founded Gadar Party at San Fransisco. Hardev
and Kanshi Ram Mandi went to San Fransisco. Hardev and Kanshi Ram of Mandi went
to San Fransico for higher studies. There they joined Gadar Party/ At Shanghai,
Hardev met with Nidhan Singh Chugha who was an active member of Gadar Party,
When tghey came back to Mandi, they established and organisation of
revolutionary youths. Hirda Ram, Surjan, Jawahar Singh, Jwala Singh Sharda Ram,
Queen Khairgarhi of Raja Bhawani Sen,
Lonhu, Dalip Singh, Hardev and Sidhu Khrata etc. were the members fo Gadar
Party. Hirda Ram was sentenced to death for his involvement in Lahore
Conspiracy. Surjan and Nidhan Singh ghugha were hanged to death. Later Hardev
became famous by the name of Swami Krishna Nand.
7: Mandi agitation: in
1909-1910 people of Mandi protested against Raja Bhawani singh and Wazir
Jivanand Padha.
8: Mandi Association:
Swami Purnanand founded mandi
Association, which protested against Begar system and other social evils.
9. Chamba Sewak Sangh
:- in 1937 Chamba Sewak singh was constituted to oppose the policies of
Raja of Chamba .
10. Praja Mandal: -
To abolish British throne and to elect a popular government, Praja Mandals were
constituted.
11. All india State
People’s conference:- to promote Praja Mandals “ All india states People
Conference was held at Ludhiana in 1938.
12. Shimla Hill State
Himalaya Riyasti Praja :
13. Dhami firing
Tragedy:- Rana of Dhami nanned the activites of Dhami Praja Mandal and imposed
heavy taxes. People of Dhami State agitated ahainst the Rana of Dhami under the leadership of Bhag Mal
Sautha . On 16th July 1939 Rana of Dhami orderd to open fire and two
persons were killed in this firing. This ineident attracted mahatma Gandhi and
Jawahar lal Nehru’s attention. Jawahar Lal Nehru appointed advocate Duhi Chand
of Ambala for the inquiry of Dhami Fiting.
14. Pajhota
Movement:- in 1942 leaders of Sirmaur Praja Mandal went to their ruler and complained
against the corruptions which was flqurshing among officials. The ruler sent his army to crush people’s movement
. People took up weapons against army. This agitation is called Pajhota
Movement .Surat Singh, Milan ghughu chet ram and Basti ram were the leaders of
this Movement.
15. Mandi Conference : From 8th march 1946 a conference
of the representative of Praja Mandals was help of Mandi under the Chairmanship
of col. G. S. Dhillon. It was suggested that there should be and elected organisations
of the delegates of Hill States.
No comments:
Post a Comment